[Feb 23, 2024] Fully Updated HP Aruba (HPE3-U01) Certification Sample Questions [Q22-Q36]

Explanation
The protocol that provides logical addressing used for routing messages across the network towards their destination is the Internet Protocol (IP). IP is a network layer protocol that assigns a unique numerical identifier to each device on a network, called an IP address. IP addresses are used to identify the source and destination of data packets, and to determine the best path to deliver them. IP is a connectionless and best-effort protocol, meaning that it does not guarantee the delivery, order, or integrity of the packets. IP relies on other protocols, such as TCP, to provide reliable and orderly data transfer.
The other options are incorrect because:
B: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a transport layer protocol that provides reliable and orderly data delivery by establishing a connection between devices and providing error-checking and retransmission mechanisms. TCP does not provide logical addressing or routing functions, but it uses IP addresses to identify the endpoints of a connection.
C: Wired Ethernet is a data link layer protocol that defines the physical and logical characteristics of a wired network, such as cable types, frame formats, and MAC addresses. MAC addresses are used to identify the physical devices on a network segment, but they are not used for routing messages across the network.
Ethernet does not provide logical addressing or routing functions, but it relies on IP to do so.
D: Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) is a data link layer protocol that allows devices to discover and advertise information about themselves and their neighbors on a network, such as device type, capabilities, port configuration, and VLAN membership. LLDP does not provide logical addressing or routing functions, but it can help network administrators to troubleshoot and optimize the network topology. References:
* Aruba Certified Network Technician (ACNT) | HPE Aruba Networking
* Network Layer Protocols – GeeksforGeeks
* Network protocols and layers A Level Resources – Teach Computer Science

Explanation
DNS (Domain Name System) is the protocol that performs name to IP resolution. DNS is a hierarchical and distributed database that maps domain names to IP addresses and vice versa. DNS allows users to access network resources using human-readable names instead of numerical addresses. DNS also provides other information such as mail exchange servers, name servers, and text records. DNS operates on the application layer of the TCP/IP model and uses UDP port 53 for queries and responses. DNS consists of several components, such as resolvers, name servers, zones, and records. Resolvers are clients that send queries to name servers and receive responses. Name servers are servers that store and provide DNS information for a domain or a zone. Zones are logical partitions of the DNS namespace that are delegated to different name servers. Records are data entries that define the mapping between names and addresses or other attributes. References: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/address-resolution-in-dns-domain-name-server/
https://networkencyclopedia.com/name-resolution/
https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/aix/7.2?topic=protocol-tcpip-name-resolution

Explanation
ARP is a protocol that maps an IP address to a MAC address, which is the physical address of a device on a network. ARP is necessary because the software address (IP address) of the host or computer connected to the network needs to be translated to a hardware address (MAC address). Without ARP, a host would not be able to figure out the hardware address of another host. ARP works by sending a broadcast message to all devices on the network, asking for the MAC address of the device that has a specific IP address. The device that has that IP address replies with its MAC address, and the sender stores this information in its ARP cache for future use. The sender then uses the MAC address as the destination address of the Layer 2 header that encapsulates the IP packet. The Layer 2 header is also known as the data link layer header, which is responsible for delivering the packet to the correct device on the same network. The Layer 3 header is also known as the network layer header, which is responsible for routing the packet to the correct network. Therefore, the correct answer is C, because ARP is used to discover the destination address of the Layer 2 header that encapsulates IP packets1234 References: What Is Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)? – Fortinet, Address Resolution Protocol – Wikipedia, ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) explained – Study-CCNA, Aruba Certified Network Technician Exam HPE3-U01 Actual Questions

Explanation
A device that provides high ethernet port density for connecting wired clients is a switch. A switch is a device that operates at the data link layer (layer two) of the OSI model and forwards frames between devices on the same network based on their MAC addresses1. A switch can have multiple ports, ranging from 8 to 48 or more, that can connect to various wired devices, such as computers, IP phones, and printers2. A multilayer switch is a switch that can also operate at the network layer (layer three) of the OSI model and perform routing functions based on IP addresses3. Therefore, statements D and E are correct. Statements A, B, and C are incorrect because they describe devices that provide wireless connectivity, not wired connectivity. A wireless router is a device that combines the functions of a router and an access point and provides wireless access to the internet. A router is a device that operates at the network layer (layer three) of the OSI model and forwards packets between different networks based on their destination IP addresses. An access point is a device that connects wireless devices to a wired network and acts as a bridge between the two. References: 1: Aruba Certified Network Technician (ACNT) Study Guide, page 282: Aruba Certified Network Technician (ACNT) Study Guide, page 303: Aruba Certified Network Technician (ACNT) Study Guide, page 32. : Aruba Certified Network Technician (ACNT) Study Guide, page 29. : Aruba Certified Network Technician (ACNT) Study Guide, page 29. : Aruba Certified Network Technician (ACNT) Study Guide, page 94.

Explanation
IPv4 or Internet Protocol version 4 is the fourth version of the Internet Protocol that is used to identify and communicate with devices on the Internet. IPv4 uses a 32-bit address space, which means that each IPv4 address consists of 32 binary digits or bits. These bits can be expressed in different notations, such as decimal, hexadecimal, or binary. The most common notation is the dot-decimal notation, which divides the 32 bits into four groups of eight bits, called octets, and separates them by periods. For example, the IPv4 address
172.16.254.1 is equivalent to the binary address 10101100.00010000.11111110.00000001. The 32-bit address space of IPv4 allows for 2^32or 4,294,967,296 possible addresses, but some of them are reserved for special purposes, such as private networks or multicast addresses12345 References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol_version_4
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-ipv4/

Explanation
Before routers forward unicast packets, they compare the destination address of the IP header with the unicast routing table entries. This is because routers use the destination IP address to determine the next hop or outgoing interface for the packet. Routers do not care about the source address of the IP header or the Ethernet header, as they are not relevant for forwarding decisions. The inbound port the packet is received in is also not important, as routers use the routing table to make forwarding decisions, not the interface information.
Therefore, the correct answer is
C: Referenceshttps://networklessons.com/cisco/ccie-routing-switching/unicast-reverse-path-forwarding-urpf
https://www.killtest.com/news_Aruba_Certified_Network_Technician_Exam_ACNT_HPE3-U01_Exam_Questi

Explanation
Full-duplex is a switchport feature that allows simultaneous transmission and reception of data on a link, without causing collisions. Collisions occur when two devices try to send data at the same time on a shared medium, such as a half-duplex link or a hub. Full-duplex eliminates the need for collision detection and avoidance mechanisms, such as CSMA/CD, and increases the effective bandwidth of the link. Full-duplex requires both ends of the link to support and be configured for full-duplex mode. If one end is configured for full-duplex and the other for half-duplex, the result is a duplex mismatch, which causes performance issues and errors. Auto speed is a switchport feature that allows the switch to negotiate the speed of the link with the connected device, such as 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, or 1000 Mbps. VLANs are logical groups of devices that share the same broadcast domain, regardless of their physical location or connection. VLANs can reduce collisions by segmenting the network and limiting the scope of broadcasts. However, VLANs alone do not prevent collisions on a link, as they depend on the duplex mode of the switchport. Half-duplex is a switchport feature that allows only one direction of data transmission at a time on a link, either sending or receiving. Half-duplex requires collision detection and avoidance mechanisms, such as CSMA/CD, to coordinate the access to the shared medium. Half-duplex reduces the effective bandwidth of the link by half, as only one device can use the link at a time. Half-duplex can cause collisions if two devices try to send data at the same time on the same link. References:
* Aruba Certified Network Technician (ACNT) | HPE Aruba Networking
* Aruba Documentation Portal
* switch port collisions – Cisco Community
* Why is a switch port a collision domain? – Cisco Community

Explanation
A switch is a device that operates at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model. It is responsible for forwarding frames based on the MAC addresses of the source and destination devices. A switch can also perform media access control, VLAN tagging, QoS, and other Layer 2 functions. A router, on the other hand, operates at the network layer (Layer 3) and routes packets based on their IP addresses. A transceiver is a device that converts electrical signals to optical signals and vice versa, and operates at the physical layer (Layer 1). A UTP cable is a type of twisted pair cable that is also used at the physical layer to transmit data. References: Data link layer – Wikipedia, Data Link Layer | Layer 2 | The OSI-Model, What is Layer 2? – Definition from Techopedia, An Overview of Layer 2 Ethernet – What is it and why does it matter?

Explanation
According to the Aruba Network Technician (ACNT) documents and learning resources, the valid configurable “Client VLAN Assignment” options for a Bridge-based WLAN in Aruba Central are native VLAN, automatic VLAN, and static VLAN. These options allow you to specify how the VLAN ID for the WLAN clients is determined.
* Native VLAN: This option allows you to use the native VLAN of the AP’s Ethernet port as the VLAN ID for the WLAN clients. The native VLAN is the default VLAN that carries untagged traffic on a trunk port. This option is useful when you want to simplify the VLAN configuration and use the same VLAN for all the WLAN clients connected to the same AP.
* Automatic VLAN: This option allows you to use the VLAN ID assigned by a DHCP server to the WLAN clients. The DHCP server can use attributes such as MAC address, hostname, or vendor class to assign different VLAN IDs to different WLAN clients. This option is useful when you want to dynamically assign VLANs based on the client characteristics or policies.
* Static VLAN: This option allows you to specify a single VLAN ID for all the WLAN clients. You can either enter a VLAN ID manually or select a named VLAN from the drop-down list. A named VLAN is a VLAN that has a user-defined name associated with it for easy identification. This option is useful when you want to assign a fixed VLAN to a WLAN SSID.
References: